As concerns about climate change intensify, the idea of achieving a carbon-free energy system by 2050 is shifting from an objective to an obligation. The Smart Electric Power Alliance reports that as of April 2021, 75% of U.S. power customers use a utility that has a carbon- or emission-reduction goal. Fifty-three utilities committed to being carbon-free or net-zero by 2050. As ambitious as those targets are, the Biden administration has set the even more aggressive goal of transitioning to carbon-free electricity by 2035.